– UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) is a major certifying institution in USA which has provided standard development and certification services on product safety since its foundation in 1894.
– UL standard is used as the safety standard in USA. Since the reliability of UL is high in USA and it is highly preferred by consumers, it is essentially a forced standard that is required for exporting to USA.
– Relevant regulations: Technology standard UL, ASTM, ASME, ANSI, etc.
– Target items: Electronic appliances, refrigerating air handling units, industrial control devices, firefighting devices, audio/video, medical/measurement devices, electrical wire and cable, information communication devices, plastic, EMC, etc.

– CSA (Canadian Standards Association) is a non-profit private organization which was established for safety of Canadian citizens, and benefits of the government and industries. It writes standards and provides testing and certification services.
– Items with risks, such as electrical devices and gas combustion devices, are forced standards, and items that do not have risks, such as quality management, are recommended standards.
– Relevant regulations: Canadian Electrical Code
– Target items (forced regulation): Electrical devices, electrical machines, electrical cables, electrical parts, materials and gas, petroleum or gas combustion devices, etc.

– cUL refers to works of testing, certification, quality evaluation, and registration services by UL on Canada-bound products.
– cUL mark is given to appropriate products after testing according to CSA standards.
– Its difference with CSA mark is that the certifying institution is either UL or CSA. For both marks, testing is conducted according to CSA standards.

– Country: EU, Turkey
– Used on devices that cause electromagnetic disturbance or those that may be affected by such disturbance
– In order to acquire this mark, devices must be produced as follows.
(a) The electromagnetic disturbance produced shall not exceed the level where radio wave, remote communication, or other cases that meet the intention of using the device, and
(b) The device shall have appropriate level of unique immunity on electromagnetic disturbance in order to be operated as the original intention.
– Relevant regulations: Guidelines on electromagnetic wave (2004/108/EC)
– Target items: Devices that cause electromagnetic disturbance or those that may be affected by such disturbance.

– Country: China
– CCC forced product certification policy is a product passing policy based on the legislations and regulations of the Chinese government for protecting the safety of consumers, animals, and plants, protecting nature, and protecting national safety.
– Products under the policy of forced product certification must comply with the standards and technological regulations of China. Forced products must acquire certificate after receiving testing from testing agencies designated by CNCA, other than CQC, and receiving factory institution by inspector from a designated certifying agency. Products that fail to acquire certificate by certifying institution or those that do not attach certification mark according to regulations may not be used for import, customs, shipment, and activities in the business market.
– Target items: Electric cable parts, cables for railroads and vehicles below alternating 3KV, rubber insulation cable below 450/750V, PVC insulation cable, parts for fixed electric devices for household use and similar use, etc.

– Country: CU (Tariff alliance)
– EAC mark certification of CU(Customs Union) was created by integration of GOST-R(Russia), GOST-K(Kazakhstan), and STB(Belarus), which had been used independently by Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.
– As of February 15, 2013, electrical and electronic products that are distributed within the three countries with the rating of AC50-1000V, DC75-1500V can be exported only if they have CoC or DoC according to technological regulations regulated by CU.
– Items subject to CoC in terms of technological regulation must receive CoC. Electrical or electronic products that are not subject to CoC but are operated in AC50-1000V, DC75-1500V must receive DoC.
– While product testing for CoC must be conducted at a designated test site in principle, multiple certifying agencies are issuing certificate by accepting CB/CE Safety report without additional testing. For consecutive certification (with period of effectiveness of 1-5 years), factory inspection is conducted as well.
– Relevant regulations: CU TR 004/2011(On safety of low-voltage equipment)
– Target items: Electrical and electronic products, home appliances, personal computers, low-voltage devices connected to computer, manual portable electrical devices, electrical instruments, cables, electric cables, cords, circuit breakers, shutdown protection devices, electric energy distributors, and electric facility controllers, all of which have rating of AC50-1000V, DC75-1500V

– TÜV(Technical Control Board) is a government-certified inspection agency of Germany. It is in provincial areas of Germany, such as TÜV Rhineland and TÜV Bavaria.
– Almost all organizations with public nature, such as the German government, are inspected by TÜV. TÜV has the characteristics of an independent, third-party inspection agency. The stringency of its inspections and the high technical level of its employees are well-known not only in EU but also around the world.

– PSE certification is a forced certification that is conducted in accordance with the Japanese Electrical Appliances Safety Act. It aims to regulate production, sales, etc. of electrical appliances and to minimize harms and damages regarding ensuring safety of electrical products.
– Those who are producing electrical products for exporting them to Japan or those who are selling such products by importing them must meet the technical criteria for the products, and must indicate PSE mark accordingly.
– Items subject to certification are classified into specified products (116 items) and non-specified products (341 items). The procedure and requirements of certification vary by the two classifications, and the type of the PSE mark varies accordingly as well.
– Target items:
1. Specified Products (SP): Electric cables, wiring devices (switch, circuit breaker, plug, joint box, etc.), heating devices (electric toilet seat, heating cabinet, water heater, sauna, heater, etc.), etc.
2. Non-Specified Products (NP): Conduit, small-sized AC motor, heating devices (most heating devices such as foot warmer, electric cushion, electric blanket, hand warmer, oven, and rice cooker), etc.